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This problem was in the problem set at the end of some chapter.
A little bit of background: the intersections of the lines in the drawing
are known by organic chemists to be carbon atoms.
Also, O chemists know that carbon is tetra valent, which means if a vertex
has two lines connected to it, then two hydrogens are understood to be there
to complete the valence of 4.
The simplest carbon compound is methane, CH4
The
next compound in a series created by adding another carbon atom and the
requisite number of hydrogens to fill the valences is ethane.
the next example
shows a double bond, this compound is ethylene
Ethylene
undergoes this same reaction with bromine and CCl4 to
produce 1,2-dibromoethane.
Based on this
information one would expect the reaction product of the bromination of norbornene
to be as shown below:
This is where the puzzle lies.
Here we
have a view of ethylene showing electronic structure. Remove two hydrogens from
ethane and two electrons and the remaining electrons form a bond that has an
electron cloud above and below the plane defined by all the atoms in ethylene.
A bromine molecule approaching ethylene will polarize its electrons to allow one
bromine atom of the bromine molecule to be slightly positive and the other
slightly negative. The bromine molecule will split apart, leaving a negatively
charged bromine atom as the other bromine atom binds to the electrons of the
ethylene double bond. Thus a positively charged complex results. The negatively
charged bromine ion attacks from the other side of the molecule from the bromide to form 1,2-dibromoethane.
Thinking In Moving Pictures